Masanan likitoci sun dade da fahimtar mahimmancin alamun mahimmancin ilimin lissafi a matsayin masu nuna lafiyar ɗan adam, amma cutar ta COVID-19 ta yanzu ta kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da mahimmancinta.
Abin baƙin ciki shine, yawancin mutanen da suka sami kansu suna ci gaba da ci gaba da lura da alamun mahimmanci na iya riga sun kasance a cikin wani wuri na asibiti inda ake kula da su don rashin lafiya mai tsanani.Maimakon yin amfani da alamun mahimmanci a matsayin mai nuna tasiri na maganin cututtuka da farfadowa na haƙuri, samfurin gaba na gaba. kiwon lafiya za su yi amfani da ci gaba da kuma nesa mai mahimmanci alamar sa ido a matsayin kayan aiki don gano yiwuwar alamun bayyanar cututtuka, ƙyale likitocin su shiga tsakani a cikin ci gaban cututtuka masu tsanani.Damar farko kafin.
Ana hasashen cewa haɓakar haɓakar na'urori masu auna firikwensin na asibiti a ƙarshe zai ba da damar haɓakar abubuwan da za a iya zubarwa, alamun da za a iya amfani da su na lafiya waɗanda za a iya zubar da su akai-akai da maye gurbinsu, kamar ruwan tabarau na lamba.
Yayin da yawancin kayan aikin lafiya da na motsa jiki sun haɗa da ikon auna alamun mahimmanci, ana iya tambayar amincin karatun su saboda dalilai da yawa, ciki har da ingancin na'urorin da ake amfani da su (mafi yawan ba su da darajar asibiti), inda aka shigar da su, da kuma inda na'urori masu auna firikwensin. ingancin.Tsarin jiki yayin sawa.
Duk da yake waɗannan na'urori sun isa don sha'awar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun marasa lafiya don lura da kai ta yau da kullun ta amfani da na'urar sawa mai dacewa da kwanciyar hankali, ba su dace da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin da aka horar da su don tantance lafiyar mutum da kyau da yin bincike mai zurfi ba.
A gefe guda, na'urorin da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu don samar da alamun mahimmancin alamun asibiti na tsawon lokaci na iya zama babba da rashin jin daɗi, kuma suna da nau'i daban-daban na ɗauka. Oxygen jikewa (SpO2), bugun zuciya (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), da kuma numfashi rate (RR) — kuma la'akari samar da asibiti Mafi Nau'in Sensor - Karatu ga kowane aji.
Matakan saturation na iskar oxygen na jini a cikin mutane masu lafiya yawanci kusan 95-100% ne. Duk da haka, matakin SpO2 na 93% ko ƙasa na iya nuna cewa mutum yana fuskantar matsalar numfashi-kamar alamar gama gari a cikin marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19- yana mai da shi Alamar mahimmanci mai mahimmanci don saka idanu na yau da kullum ta kwararrun likitoci.Photoplethysmography (PPG) wata fasaha ce ta ma'auni na gani da ke amfani da fitattun LED masu yawa don haskaka tasoshin jini a ƙarƙashin fatar fata da kuma mai karɓar photodiode don gano alamar haske mai haske don ƙididdige SpO2. Yayin da ya zama wani nau'i na yau da kullum na yawancin kayan da aka sawa a wuyan hannu, siginar hasken PPG yana da saukin kamuwa da tsoma baki daga kayan aikin motsi da canje-canje na wucin gadi a cikin hasken yanayi, wanda zai iya haifar da karatun ƙarya, ma'ana waɗannan na'urori ba su samar da ma'auni na asibiti .A cikin yanayin asibiti. , Ana auna SpO2 ta amfani da oximeter bugun jini da aka sawa yatsa (Hoto 2), yawanci ana haɗa shi zuwa yatsan majiyyaci na tsaye. Duk da yake akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan šaukuwa masu amfani da baturi, sun dace kawai don yin ma'auni na lokaci-lokaci.
Ana la'akari da ƙimar bugun zuciya mai lafiya (HR) a cikin kewayon bugun 60-100 a cikin minti ɗaya, duk da haka, tazarar lokaci tsakanin bugun zuciya ɗaya ba koyaushe bane. Yawan bugun zuciya shine matsakaicin aunawa akan yawan bugun zuciya. Yawan bugun zuciya da bugun jini ya bambanta.
Alal misali, a cikin arrhythmias irin su fibrillation na atrial (Afib), ba kowane tsokar tsoka da ke cikin zuciya ba ne ke fitar da jini a cikin jiki - maimakon haka, jini yana taruwa a cikin ɗakunan zuciyar da kanta, wanda zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. don ganowa saboda wani lokaci yana faruwa a lokaci-lokaci kuma kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, Afib yana haifar da daya cikin hudu na bugun jini a cikin mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 40, gaskiyar da ke nuna mahimmancin iya ganowa da kuma magance cutar. Tun da PPG na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna yin ma'auni na gani a karkashin wannan zato kamar HR da kuma Yawan bugun jini, ba za a iya dogara da su don gano AF ba. Wannan yana buƙatar ci gaba da yin rikodin ayyukan lantarki na zuciya - hoto na siginar lantarki na zuciya da ake kira electrocardiogram (ECG) -- na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo.
Masu saka idanu na Holter sune na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi na asibiti da aka fi amfani da su don wannan dalili. Yayin da suke amfani da ƙananan na'urorin lantarki fiye da masu saka idanu na ECG da aka yi amfani da su a cikin saitunan asibiti, suna iya zama masu girma da rashin jin dadi don sawa, musamman yayin barci.
Numfashi 12-20 a cikin minti daya shine ƙimar numfashi (RR) ga yawancin mutane masu lafiya. Yawan RR sama da numfashi 30 a cikin minti ɗaya na iya zama alamar damuwa na numfashi saboda zazzabi ko wasu dalilai. fasaha don infer RR, ana yin ma'aunin RR na asibiti ta hanyar amfani da bayanan da ke cikin siginar ECG ko ta amfani da firikwensin bioimpedance (BioZ) wanda ke amfani da firikwensin guda biyu don siffanta raunin lantarki na fata. Ɗaya ko fiye na lantarki da aka haɗe zuwa jikin mai haƙuri.
Duk da yake ana samun aikin ECG da FDA ta share a cikin wasu manyan kayan kiwon lafiya da kayan motsa jiki, ƙwarewar bioimpedance wani fasalin ne wanda ba a saba samu ba saboda yana buƙatar haɗa na'urar firikwensin BioZ daban IC. Baya ga RR, firikwensin BioZ yana goyan bayan Bioelectrical Analysis na Impedance (BIA) da Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS), dukansu ana amfani da su don auna matakan abubuwan da ke tattare da tsokar jiki, mai da ruwa. The BioZ firikwensin kuma yana goyan bayan impedance electrocardiography (ICG) kuma ana amfani dashi don auna amsawar fata na galvanic. GSR), wanda zai iya zama alamar damuwa mai amfani.
Hoto 1 yana nuna zane mai aiki na toshe mahimman alamun asibiti AFE IC wanda ke haɗa ayyukan na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda uku (PPG, ECG, da BioZ) cikin fakiti ɗaya.
Hoto 1 MAX86178 matsananci-ƙananan ƙarfi, 3-in-1 alamomi masu mahimmanci na asibiti AFE (Madogararsa: Na'urorin Analog)
Tsarin sayan bayanan gani na PPG dual-channel yana tallafawa har zuwa 6 LEDs da 4 bayanan photodiode, tare da shirye-shiryen LEDs ta hanyar manyan direbobin LED guda biyu na yanzu, 8-bit LED. Hanya mai karɓa tana da ƙananan ƙararrawa guda biyu, manyan tashoshin karantawa mai girma, kowanne ciki har da masu zaman kansu 20-bit ADCs da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, samar da fiye da 90dB na rashin amincewa da yanayi a 120Hz. SNR na tashar PPG yana da girma kamar 113dB, yana tallafawa ma'aunin SpO2 na 16µA kawai.
Tashar ECG cikakkiyar siginar sigina ce wacce ke ba da duk mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙata don tattara bayanan ECG masu inganci, kamar riba mai sassauƙa, tacewa mai mahimmanci, ƙaramar ƙararrawa, ƙarancin shigar da ƙara, da zaɓuɓɓukan son kai da yawa.Ƙarin fasali kamar farfadowa da sauri. , AC da DC gubar ganowa, ultra-low ikon gano gubar da kuma ƙafar ƙafar dama yana ba da damar aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin buƙatar aikace-aikace irin su na'urorin da aka sawa hannu tare da busassun lantarki. Sarkar siginar analog tana tafiyar da 18-bit sigma-delta ADC tare da fadi da kewayon na ƙimar samfurin fitar da zaɓaɓɓen mai amfani.
BioZ yana karɓar tashoshi yana da fasalin tacewa na EMI da haɓakawa mai yawa.BioZ yana karɓar tashoshi kuma yana ba da ƙarancin shigar da ƙara, ƙaramar ƙara, riba mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin wucewa da zaɓin tacewa mai girma, da babban ƙuduri ADCs. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da kuzarin shigarwa: madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa na yanzu, sine wave current, da sine wave da murabba'in ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari.Akwai nau'ikan haɓakawa da mitoci iri-iri.Yana kuma goyan bayan aikace-aikacen BIA, BIS, ICG da GSR.
Bayanan lokaci na FIFO yana ba da damar yin aiki tare da dukkanin tashoshin firikwensin guda uku. Gida a cikin 7 x 7 49-bump wafer-level kunshin (WLP), AFE IC yana da nauyin 2.6mm x 2.8mm kawai, yana mai da shi manufa don ƙira a matsayin matsayi na asibiti. facin ƙirji mai sawa (Hoto na 2).
Hoto 2 Facin ƙirji tare da na'urori masu jika guda biyu, suna tallafawa BIA da ci gaba da RR / ICG, ECG, SpO2 AFE (Madogararsa: Na'urorin Analog)
Hoto na 3 yana kwatanta yadda za a iya tsara wannan AFE azaman abin sawa a wuyan hannu don samar da BIA da ECG da ake buƙata tare da ci gaba da HR, SpO2, da EDA/GSR.
Hoto 3: Na'urar da aka sawa hannu tare da busassun lantarki guda huɗu, suna tallafawa BIA da ECG, tare da ci gaba da HR, SpO2, da GSR AFE (Madogararsa: Na'urorin Analog)
SpO2, HR, ECG da RR sune mahimman ma'auni masu mahimmanci masu mahimmanci da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya ke amfani da su don dalilai na bincike. Ci gaba da alamun mahimmancin saka idanu ta amfani da wearables za su kasance wani abu mai mahimmanci na samfurin kiwon lafiya na gaba, tsinkaya bayyanar cututtuka kafin bayyanar cututtuka.
Yawancin alamun alamun mahimmanci a halin yanzu suna samar da ma'auni waɗanda ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya ba za su iya amfani da su ba saboda na'urori masu auna firikwensin da suke amfani da su ba darajar asibiti ba ne, yayin da wasu kawai ba su da ikon auna RR daidai saboda ba su haɗa da firikwensin BioZ ba.
A cikin wannan ƙirar ƙirar, muna nuna IC wanda ke haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda uku na asibiti - PPG, ECG, da BioZ a cikin fakiti ɗaya kuma yana nuna yadda za'a iya tsara shi cikin suturar ƙirji da wuyan hannu, don auna SpO2, HR, ECG, da RR. , yayin da kuma samar da wasu ayyuka masu amfani da kiwon lafiya, ciki har da BIA, BIS, GSR, da ICG. Baya ga yin amfani da su a cikin kayan aiki na asibiti, IC yana da kyau don haɗawa cikin tufafi masu kyau don samar da nau'in bayanin da ke da girma- wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan wasa bukata.
Andrew Burt Babban Manajan Kasuwanci ne, Sashin Kasuwancin Masana'antu da Kiwon Lafiya, Na'urorin Analog
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-05-2022