Kufunika kwa zizindikiro zofunikira pathupi monga zisonyezo za thanzi la munthu kwakhala kumveka bwino ndi akatswiri azachipatala, koma mliri waposachedwa wa COVID-19 wapangitsanso kuti anthu azindikire kufunika kwake.
Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti akuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiro zofunika nthawi zonse angakhale kale m'chipatala momwe akuchizira matenda aakulu. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zofunika monga chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya chithandizo cha matenda ndi kuchira kwa odwala, chitsanzo chamtsogolo cha mtsogolo cha matendawa. chithandizo chamankhwala chidzagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira zizindikiro zofunikira mosalekeza komanso zakutali monga chida chodziwira zizindikiro zomwe zingayambitse matenda, zomwe zimalola madokotala kuti alowererepo pakukula kwa matenda aakulu.Mwayi woyamba kale.
Zikuganiziridwa kuti kuphatikizika kowonjezereka kwa masensa am'magulu azachipatala pamapeto pake kupangitsa kuti pakhale zigamba zotayidwa, zovala zomwe zimatha kutayidwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi zonse, monga magalasi olumikizirana.
Ngakhale zovala zambiri zathanzi komanso zolimbitsa thupi zimaphatikizapo kuthekera koyezera zizindikiro, kukhulupirika kwa zowerengera zawo kumatha kukayikira pazifukwa zingapo, kuphatikiza mtundu wa masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (zambiri si kalasi yachipatala), komwe amayikidwa, komanso komwe zowunikira khalidwe la.Kukhudzana ndi thupi mutavala.
Ngakhale kuti zipangizozi ndi zokwanira kwa chikhumbo cha akatswiri osakhala athanzi kuti azidziyang'ana mwachisawawa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chosavuta komanso chomasuka, sichiyenera kwa akatswiri odziwa zachipatala kuti ayese bwino thanzi la munthu payekha ndikupanga matenda odziwa bwino.
Kumbali inayi, zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano popereka zizindikiritso zofunika kwambiri zachipatala pakapita nthawi yayitali zimatha kukhala zochulukira komanso zosasangalatsa, komanso kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amtundu. oxygen saturation (SpO2), kugunda kwa mtima (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), ndi respiration rate (RR)—ndipo lingalirani za chipatala Mtundu Wabwino Kwambiri wa Sensor - Kuwerenga kwa giredi iliyonse.
Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi mwa anthu athanzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 95-100%. Photoplethysmography (PPG) ndi njira yoyezera maso yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma emitter angapo a LED kuti awunikire mitsempha yamagazi pansi pa khungu komanso cholandila photodiode kuti azindikire kuwala kowonekera kuti awerengere SpO2. chinthu chodziwika bwino chazovala zambiri zovala pamanja, chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa PPG chimatha kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zoyenda komanso kusintha kwakanthawi kowunikira kozungulira, komwe kungayambitse kuwerengera zabodza, kutanthauza kuti zidazi sizimapereka miyeso yachipatala. , SpO2 imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulse oximeter yovala zala (Chithunzi 2), kawirikawiri imamangiriridwa mosalekeza ku chala cha wodwalayo.
Kugunda kwa mtima wathanzi (HR) nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti kumakhala kugunda kwa 60-100 pamphindi, komabe, nthawi yapakati pakati pa kugunda kwa mtima sikukhazikika. Kwa anthu athanzi, kugunda kwa mtima ndi kugunda kwa mtima kumakhala kofanana, chifukwa kugundana kulikonse kwa minofu ya mtima, magazi amaponyedwa m'thupi lonse. kugunda kwa mtima ndi kugunda kumasiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, mu arrhythmias monga atrial fibrillation (Afib), osati kugundana kulikonse kwa minofu mu mtima kumapopa magazi m'thupi lonse - m'malo mwake, magazi amawunjikana m'zipinda za mtima weniweni, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. kuzindikira chifukwa nthawi zina zimachitika modukizadukiza ndi kwa kanthawi kochepa chabe.
Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, Afib imayambitsa chikwapu chimodzi mwa zinayi mwa anthu a zaka zapakati pa 40, zomwe zimasonyeza kufunikira kozindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa. kugunda kwa mtima, sangathe kudaliridwa kuti azindikire AF. Izi zimafuna kujambula kosalekeza kwa ntchito yamagetsi ya mtima -- chithunzithunzi cha zizindikiro zamagetsi zamtima zotchedwa electrocardiogram (ECG) -- pa nthawi yaitali.
Oyang'anira a Holter ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zam'chipatala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi.Ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode ochepa kusiyana ndi ma static ECG oyang'anitsitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala, amatha kukhala ochuluka komanso osamasuka kuvala, makamaka akagona.
Kupuma kwa 12-20 pamphindi ndizomwe zimayembekezeredwa kupuma (RR) kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.Mlingo wa RR pamwamba pa mpweya wa 30 pamphindi ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kupuma kwa kupuma chifukwa cha kutentha thupi kapena zifukwa zina. tekinoloje kuti infer RR, miyeso yachipatala ya RR ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe chili mu chizindikiro cha ECG kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bioimpedance (BioZ) sensor yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito masensa awiri kuti iwonetsere Kusokonezeka kwamagetsi pakhungu.Ma electrode amodzi kapena angapo ophatikizidwa ndi thupi la wodwalayo.
Ngakhale kuti ntchito ya ECG yoyeretsedwa ndi FDA imapezeka muzovala zina zathanzi komanso zolimbitsa thupi, bioimpedance sensing ndi chinthu chomwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa chimafunika kuphatikizirapo IC sensor yosiyana ya BioZ. Impedance Analysis (BIA) ndi Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS), zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya thupi, mafuta ndi madzi. GSR), yomwe ingakhale chizindikiro chothandiza cha kupsinjika maganizo.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chojambula chogwira ntchito cha zizindikiro zofunikira zachipatala za AFE IC zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ntchito za masensa atatu osiyana (PPG, ECG, ndi BioZ) mu phukusi limodzi.
Chithunzi 1 MAX86178 ultra-low-power, 3-in-1 zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zachipatala AFE (Source: Analogi Devices)
Dongosolo lake lapawiri la PPG optical data acquisition system limathandizira mpaka ma LED 6 ndi zolowetsa 4 za photodiode, zokhala ndi ma LED omwe amatha kuwongoleredwa kudzera pa madalaivala awiri amakono, a 8-bit LED. iliyonse kuphatikiza ma ADC odziyimira pawokha a 20-bit ndi kuzungulira kwa kuwala kozungulira, kumapereka kupitirira 90dB ya kukana kozungulira pa 120Hz. SNR ya tchanelo cha PPG ndi yokwera mpaka 113dB, kuchirikiza muyeso wa SpO2 wa 16µA kokha.
Njira ya ECG ndi unyolo wamtundu wathunthu womwe umapereka zinthu zonse zofunika kuti asonkhanitse deta yapamwamba ya ECG, monga kupindula kosinthika, kusefa kovuta, phokoso lochepa, kulowetsedwa kwakukulu, ndi zosankha zambiri zotsogola.Zowonjezera zina monga kuchira msanga. , AC ndi DC kuzindikira kutsogolo, ultra-low power lead lead and ultra-low power lead and the right foot drive zimathandiza kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu pa ntchito zofunidwa monga zida zovala m'manja zokhala ndi ma electrode youma.Siginecha ya analogi imayendetsa 18-bit sigma-delta ADC yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. za mitengo yachitsanzo yosankhidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
BioZ imalandira mayendedwe amasefa a EMI ndikusintha kwakukulu.BioZ imalandilanso njira zolumikizirana kwambiri, phokoso lotsika, kupindula kosinthika, zosankha zotsika pang'ono ndi zosefera, ndi ma ADCs apamwamba.Pali mitundu ingapo yopangira zokopa zolowetsa: balanced square wave source/sink current, sine wave current, ndi sine wave and square wave voltage stimulation.Amitundu yolimbikitsira matalikidwe ndi ma frequency amapezeka. Imathandiziranso ntchito za BIA, BIS, ICG ndi GSR.
Deta yanthawi ya FIFO imalola kuti ma sensa atatu azitha kulumikizidwa. Yokhala mu phukusi la 7 x 7 49-bump wafer-level package (WLP), AFE IC imayesa 2.6mm x 2.8mm yokha, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga ngati kalasi yachipatala. chigamba pachifuwa (Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 2 Chigamba cha pachifuwa chokhala ndi maelekitirodi awiri onyowa, othandizira BIA ndi RR/ICG mosalekeza, ECG, SpO2 AFE (Source: Analogi Devices)
Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa momwe AFE iyi ingapangidwire ngati chovala chovala m'manja kuti chipereke BIA ndi ECG yomwe ikufunika ndi HR, SpO2, ndi EDA/GSR yopitilira.
Chithunzi 3: Chida chovala pamanja chokhala ndi maelekitirodi anayi owuma, othandizira BIA ndi ECG, okhala ndi HR mosalekeza, SpO2, ndi GSR AFE (Source: Analog Devices)
SpO2, HR, ECG ndi RR ndizofunikira kwambiri zizindikiro za zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo kuti adziwe matenda.Kuwunika kosalekeza kofunikira kwa zizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito zovala kudzakhala chigawo chachikulu cha zitsanzo zachipatala zamtsogolo, kulosera matenda asanayambe zizindikiro.
Zambiri mwazomwe zilipo pakalipano zowunikira zikuwonetsa miyeso yomwe singagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi akatswiri azachipatala chifukwa masensa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sakhala kalasi yachipatala, pomwe ena samatha kuyeza molondola RR chifukwa samaphatikiza masensa a BioZ.
Munjira yopangira izi, tikuwonetsa IC yomwe imaphatikiza masensa atatu am'chipatala - PPG, ECG, ndi BioZ kukhala phukusi limodzi ndikuwonetsa momwe ingapangidwire kukhala zovala pachifuwa ndi dzanja, kuyeza SpO2, HR, ECG, ndi RR. , pamene akuperekanso ntchito zina zothandiza zokhudzana ndi thanzi, kuphatikizapo BIA, BIS, GSR, ndi ICG.Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzovala zachipatala, IC ndi yabwino kuti iphatikizidwe mu zovala zanzeru kuti zipereke mtundu wa chidziwitso chomwe apamwamba- othamanga ochita bwino amafunikira.
Andrew Burt ndi Executive Business Manager, Industrial and Healthcare Business Unit, Analogi Devices
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2022