Chii chinonzi Capnograph?

Capnograph chinhu chakakosha chekurapa chinoshandiswa kuongorora hutano hwekufema. Iyo inoyera kusungirirwa kweCO₂ mumhepo yakafemerwa uye inowanzonzi iyokupera-tidal CO₂ (EtCO2) yekutarisa.Ichi chishandiso chinopa zviyero zvenguva-chaiyo pamwe chete negraphical waveform kuratidza (capnograms), ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha muchimiro chemurwere chekufema.

Capnography Inoshanda Sei?

Heino mashandiro ayo mumuviri: okisijeni inopinda muropa kuburikidza nemapapu uye inotsigira maitiro emuviri. Sechigadzirwa chemetabolism, carbon dioxide inogadzirwa, inotakurwa kudzokera kumapapu, uye yozobudiswa. Kuyera huwandu hweCO₂ mumhepo yakabuda kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekufema kwemurwere uye metabolic basa.

Iyo Capnograph Inoyera sei CO2?

Iyo capnograph yekutarisa inoyera kufema kwekufema nekuratidza kudzvinyirirwa kwechikamu cheCO₂ mune waveform fomati pane x- uye y-axis grid. Iyo inoratidza ese mawaveform uye zviyero zvenhamba. Yakajairika kupera-tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂) kuverenga kunowanzo kubva pa30 kusvika 40 mmHg. Kana murwere EtCO2inowira pasi pe30 mmHg, inogona kuratidza nyaya dzakadai se endotracheal tube malfunction kana zvimwe zvinetso zvehutano zvinokanganisa kudya kweokisijeni.

Zvakajairika (EtCO₂) _ 30 kusvika 40 mmHg

Nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzeExhaled gasi kuyerwa

Mainstream EtCO2 Monitoring

Munzira iyi, adapta yemhepo ine sampling yakabatanidzwa inoiswa zvakananga mumhepo pakati pemhepo yekufema uye endotracheal tube.

Sidestream EtCO2Monitoring

Iyo sensor iri mukati meiyo huru unit, kure nemhepo. Pombi diki inoramba ichishuvira masampuli egasi akaburitswa kubva kumurwere kuburikidza nemutsara wesampling kuenda kuchikamu chikuru. Mutsara wesampling unogona kubatana neT-chidimbu paendotracheal chubhu, anesthesia mask adapta, kana zvakananga kumhuno kuburikidza nesampling nasal cannula ine nasal adapters.

Kune zvakare mhando mbiri huru dzemamonitor.

Imwe inotakurika yakatsaurirwa EtCO₂ capnograph, inotarisa chete pachiyero ichi.

Micro Capnometer (3)

Imwe yacho iEtCO₂ module yakabatanidzwa mune multiparameter monitor, iyo inogona kuyera akawanda murwere paramita kamwechete. Vatariri vepamubhedha, midziyo yekamuri yekushandisa, uye EMS defibrillators kazhinji inosanganisira EtCO₂ kuyerwa kugona.

Chiivari iyo Clinical Applications yeCapnograph?

Emergency Response: Kana murwere ari kubatwa nekufema kusungwa kana kusungwa kwemoyo, kutarisa kweEtCO2 kunobatsira vashandi vekurapa nekukurumidza kuongorora mamiriro ekufema kwemurwere.
Continuous Monitoring: Kune varwere vanorwara zvakanyanya vari panjodzi yekukasira kutadza kufema, kuenderera kwekupedzisira-tidal CO₂ monitoring inopa chaiyo-nguva data yekuona uye kupindura kune shanduko nekukurumidza.
Sedation Procedure: Zvingave kuvhiyiwa kudiki kana kukuru, kana murwere achinge adzivirirwa, EtCO2 monitoring inova nechokwadi chekuti murwere anochengetedza mhepo yakakwana panguva yese iyi.
Pulmonary Function Assessment: Kune varwere vane chirwere chisingaperi senge apnea yekurara uye chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), capnographs inobatsira mukuongorora kushanda kwemapapu avo.

Sei EtCO₂ Monitoring ichionekwa seyero yekuchengeta?

Capnography ikozvino inozivikanwa zvakanyanya seyakanakisa mwero wekutarisira mune akawanda makiriniki marongero. Masangano ekurapa anotungamira uye masangano anodzora-akadai seAmerican Heart Association (AHA) neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) - vakaisa capnography mumirayiridzo yekiriniki yavo uye kurudziro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha chekutarisa kwemurwere uye kutarisirwa kwekufema.

AAAAPSF (American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Plastic Surgery Facilities, Inc.)2003

"AESTHESIA MONITORING - inoshanda kune ese anesthesia…Kufefetedza sekucherekedzwa ne:… Kutariswa kwekupera kwemhepo CO2 yakapera kusanganisa vhoriyamu, Capnography/Capnometry, kana mass spectroscopy"

AAP (American Academy yePediatrics)

Vatariri vehutano vanofanirwa kusimbisa endotracheal tube kuiswa pakarepo mushure mekuita intubation, panguva yekufambisa uye pese apo murwere anotamiswa. Exhaled CO2 inofanirwa kuongororwa muvarwere vane endotracheal tube mune pre-chipatara uye chipatara marongero, pamwe chete panguva yese yekufambisa, nekushandisa colorimetric detector kana capnography.

AHA (American Heart Association) 2010

American Heart Association (AHA) Mirayiridzo yeCardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) uye Emer gency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) yePediatric uye Neonatal Varwere: Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines.
Chikamu 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
8.1: Adjuncts for Airway Control uye Ventilation
Advanced Airways - Endotracheal Intubation Inoenderera mberi waveform capnography inokurudzirwa kuwedzera pakuongororwa kwekiriniki senzira inovimbika yekusimbisa nekutarisa kwakaringana kuiswa kwe endotracheal chubhu (Kirasi I, LOE A). Vanopa rubatsiro vanofanirwa kucherechedza inoenderera capnographic waveform ine mhepo yekusimbisa uye kutarisa endotracheal chubhu kuiswa mumunda, mumotokari yekutakura, pakusvika kuchipatara, uye mushure mekutamisa chero murwere kuti aderedze njodzi yekusazivikanwa kwechubhu kukanganiswa kana kutamiswa. Kufefetedza kunoshanda kuburikidza ne supraglottic airway mudziyo unofanirwa kuguma mune capnograph waveform panguva yeCPR uye mushure meROSC (S733).

EtCO2 Monitoring vs SpO2Monitoring

Kuenzaniswa nepulse oximetry (SpO₂),EtCO2kutarisa kunopa mamwe mabhenefiti akasiyana. Nekuti EtCO₂ inopa chaiyo-nguva nzwisiso mualveolar ventilation, inopindura nekukurumidza kune shanduko yekufema mamiriro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekufema, mazinga eEtCO₂ anoshanduka pakarepo, nepo madonhwe muSpO₂ anogona kupera nemasekonzi akati wandei kusvika kumaminetsi. Kuenderera mberi kweEtCO2 kutarisisa kunoita kuti varapi vaone kuderera kwekufema kusati kwaitika, zvichipa nguva yakakosha yekutungamira yekupindira panguva iyo oxygen saturation isati yadzikira.

EtCO2 Monitoring

EtCO2 yekutarisa inopa chaiyo-nguva yekuongorora yekufema gasi kuchinjanisa uye alveolar ventilation. EtCO2 mazinga anopindura nekukurumidza kune abnormalities ekufema uye haana kunyanya kukanganiswa nekuwedzera oksijeni. Senge isiri-invasive yekutarisa maitiro, EtCO2 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekiriniki.

Pulse Oximetry Monitoring

Pulse oximetry (SpO₂) yekutarisainoshandisa isina-invasive chigunwe chigunwe kuyera mazinga ekuzara kweokisijeni muropa, zvichiita kuti inyatsoonekwa ye hypoxemia. Iyi nzira ndeye-mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika uye yakanyatsokodzera kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa pamubhedha kwevarwere vasingarware.

	Clinical Application	SpO₂	EtCO2
Mechanical Ventilator	Esophageal intubation ye endotracheal tube	Slow	Rapid
	Bronchial intubation ye endotracheal tube	Slow	Rapid
	Kusungwa kwekufema kana kuti loose connection	Slow	Rapid
	Hypoventilation	x	Rapid
	Hyperventilation	x	Rapid
	Kuderera kwekuyerera kweokisijeni	Rapid	Slow
Anesthesia Machine	Soda lime kuneta / kufema zvakare	Slow	Rapid
Mwoyo murefu	Okisijeni yakafuridzirwa yakaderera	Rapid	Slow
	Intrapulmonary shunt	Rapid	Slow
	Pulmonary embolism	x	Rapid
	Hyperthermia yakaipa	Rapid	Rapid
	Circulatory arrest	Rapid	Rapid

Maitiro ekusarudza CO₂ Zvishandiso uye Zvekushandisa?

North America parizvino ndiyo inotonga musika, ichiverengera makumi mana muzana emari yepasirese, nepo Asia-Pacific inotarisirwa kunyoresa kukurumidza kukura, iine CAGR yakafanotaurwa ye8.3% panguva imwe chete iyoyo. Inotungamira pasi rosemurwere monitorvagadziri-zvakadaiPhilips (Respironics), Medtronic (Oridion), Masimo, uye Mindray-vari kuramba vachigadzira muEtCO2 tekinoroji kuti isangane nezvido zvinoshanduka zveanesthesia, kutarisirwa kwakanyanya, uye mushonga wekukurumidzira.

Kuti isangane nezvido zvekiriniki uye nekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwevashandi vezvokurapa, MedLinket inotarisa mukugadzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, senge sampling mitsara, maadapter emhepo, uye misungo yemvura. Iyo kambani yakatsaurirwa kupa zvivakwa zvehutano zvine zvakavimbika zvinogadziriswa mhinduro kune ese ari maviri makuru uye epadivi chekutarisa, ayo anowirirana nevakawanda vanotungamira varwere vanotarisisa mabhureki, zvichibatsira mukuvandudza kwenzvimbo yekufema yekutarisa.

Mainstream etco2 sensorsuyeairway adaptersndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa uye zvinodyiwa zvekutarisisa zvakanyanya.

Yekutarisa parutivi,kufunga zvinosanganisira, sidestream sensors, uyemisungo yemvura， CO2 Sampling mutsara, zvichienderana nekuseta kwako uye kugadzirisa zvaunoda.

Mvura Musungo Series
OEM Mugadziri & Models	Ref Mufananidzo	OEM #	Order Code	Tsanangudzo
Inoenderana Mindray (China)
YeBeneView, iPM, iMEC, PM, MEC-2000 mamonitor akatevedzana, PM-9000/7000/6000 akatevedzana, BeneHeart defibrillator		115-043022-00 (9200-10-10530)	RE-WT001A	Dryline mvura musungo, Mukuru / Pediatirc kune mbiri-slot module, 10pcs/bhokisi
		115-043023-00 (9200-10-10574)	RE-WT001N	Dryline mvura musungo, Neonatal ye dual-slot module, 10pcs/bhokisi
YeBeneVision, BeneView akateedzana monitors		115-043024-00 (100-000080-00)	RE-WT002A	Dryline II musungo wemvura, Mukuru / Pediatirc ye single-slot module, 10pcs/bhokisi
		115-043025-00 (100-000081-00)	RE-WT002N	Dryline II musungo wemvura, Neonatal ye single-slot module, 10pcs/bhokisi
Inoenderana GE
GE Solar Sidestream EtCO₂ Module, GE MGA-1100 Mass Spectrometer GE Advantage System, EtCO₂ Sampling Systems		402668-008	CA20-013	Murwere mumwechete anoshandisa 0.8 micron Fitter, standard Luer Lock, 20pcs/bhokisi
GE Healthcare gventilator, monitor, anesthesia muchina neE-miniC gasi module		8002174	CA20-053	Yemukati Container vhoriyamu ndeye> 5.5mL, 25pcs/bhokisi
Inoenderana Drager
Inoenderana Drager Babytherm 8004/8010 Babylog VN500 ventilator		6872130	WL-01	Murwere mumwechete anoshandisa Waterlock, 10pcs/bhokisi
Inoenderana Philips
Inoenderana Module:Philips - IntelliVue G5		M1657B / 989803110871	CA20-008	Philips mvura musungo, 15pcs / bhokisi
Inoenderana Philips			CA20-009	Philips mvura musungo Rack
Inoenderana Module:Philips – IntelliVue G7ᵐ		989803191081	WL-01	Murwere mumwechete anoshandisa Waterlock, 10pcs/bhokisi