I-capnograph sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sezonyango esisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya impilo yokuphefumla. Ilinganisa ubungakanani be-CO₂ kumoya ophumayo kwaye idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Isikrini se-CO₂ (EtCO2) esiphelayo.Esi sixhobo sinika imilinganiselo yexesha langempela kunye nemizobo ye-waveform displays (ii-capnograms), enika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nesimo somoya sesigulana.
Isebenza njani iCapnography?
Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni: ioksijini ingena egazini ngemiphunga kwaye ixhasa iinkqubo zomzimba zemetabolism. Njengemveliso yemetabolism, icarbon dioxide iyaveliswa, ithuthwe ibuyele emiphungeni, ize ikhutshwe. Ukulinganisa ubungakanani beCO₂ emoyeni ophumayo kunika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wesigulana wokuphefumla kunye nemetabolism.
Indlela iCapnograph elinganisa ngayo i-CO2？
Isixhobo sokujonga i-capnograph silinganisa umoya ophumayo ngokubonisa uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lwe-CO₂ kwifomathi ye-waveform kwigridi ye-x- kunye ne-y-axis. Sibonisa zombini ii-waveforms kunye nomlinganiselo wamanani. Ukufundwa okuqhelekileyo kwe-CO₂ (EtCO₂) yesiphelo-somoya (end-tidal CO₂) kudla ngokuba phakathi kwe-35 ukuya kwi-45mmHg. Ukuba i-EtCO yesigulana2ingaphantsi kwe-30 mmHg, inokubonisa iingxaki ezinje ngokungasebenzi kakuhle kwetyhubhu ye-endotracheal okanye ezinye iingxaki zonyango ezichaphazela ukufunxwa kweoksijini.
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokulinganisa igesi ephumayo
Ukubeka esweni i-EtCO2 ePhambili
Ngale ndlela, i-adaptha yomoya enegumbi lokuvavanya elihlanganisiweyo ibekwa ngqo kwindlela yomoya phakathi kwesekethe yokuphefumla kunye netyhubhu ye-endotracheal.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-Sidestream EtCO2
Isensor ikwiyunithi ephambili, kude nendlela yomoya. Ipompo encinci iqhubeka ifutha iisampulu zegesi eziphumayo kwisigulana ngomgca wesampulu ukuya kwiyunithi ephambili. Umgca wesampulu unokudityaniswa ne-T-piece kwityhubhu ye-endotracheal, i-adaptha yemaski ye-anesthesia, okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-nasal cavity nge-sampulu ye-nasal cannula ene-adaptha yempumlo.
Kukwakho neentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeemonitha.
Enye yi-capnograph ye-EtCO₂ ephathwayo ezinikeleyo, egxile kuphela kolu linganiselo.
Enye yimodyuli ye-EtCO₂ edityaniswe kwimonitha ye-multiparameter, enokulinganisa iiparameter ezininzi zesigulana ngaxeshanye. Iimonitha ezisecaleni kwebhedi, izixhobo zegumbi lokutyanda, kunye nee-defibrillators ze-EMS zihlala ziquka amandla okulinganisa i-EtCO₂.
Intonizi Usetyenziso lweKlinikhi lweCapnograph?
- Impendulo engxamisekileyo: Xa isigulana sinengxaki yokuma kokuphefumla okanye ukuvalelwa yintliziyo, ukujonga i-EtCO2 kunceda abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bahlole ngokukhawuleza imeko yokuphefumla kwesigulana.
- Ukubeka iliso rhoqo: Kwizigulane ezigula kakhulu ezisengozini yokuwohloka ngequbuliso kokuphefumla, ukujonga rhoqo i-CO₂ ekupheleni kolwandle kubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela ukuze kubonwe kwaye kuphendulwe utshintsho ngokukhawuleza.
- Inkqubo yokuthomalalisaNokuba lutyando oluncinci okanye olukhulu, xa isigulane sithomalaliswa, ukujonga i-EtCO2 kuqinisekisa ukuba isigulane sigcina umoya owaneleyo kulo lonke inkqubo.
- Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wepulmonary: Kwizigulane ezinezimo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-sleep apnea kunye nesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), ii-capnographs zinceda ekuvavanyeni umsebenzi wazo wemiphunga.
Kutheni i-EtCO₂ Monitoring ithathwa njengeSigaba soNyango?
I-Capnography ngoku iyaziwa ngokubanzi njengomgangatho olungileyo wonyango kwiindawo ezininzi zonyango. Imibutho ephambili yezonyango kunye nemibutho elawulayo—njenge-American Heart Association (AHA) kunye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)—ifake i-capnography kwizikhokelo zayo zeklinikhi kunye neengcebiso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithathwa njengecandelo elibalulekileyo lokujonga isigulane kunye nokhathalelo lokuphefumla.
Izikhokelo ze-American Heart Association (AHA) zoVuselelo lweCardiopulmonary (CPR) kunye noNonophelo lweCardiovascular Care oluNgxamisekileyo (ECC) lweZigulana zabantwana kunye neZigulana ezisandula kuzalwa: Izikhokelo zoVuselelo lweZigulana ezisandula kuzalwa
Icandelo 8: Inkxaso yoBomi beNtliziyo neMithambo yabantu abadala
8.1: Izinto ezongezelelweyo zoLawulo lweeNdlela zoMoya kunye nokuVuthela umoya
I-Advanced Airways – Endotracheal Intubation I-continuous waveform capnography iyacetyiswa ukongeza kuvavanyo lweklinikhi njengendlela ethembekileyo yokuqinisekisa nokubeka esweni ukubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-endotracheal tube (Class I, LOE A). Ababoneleli kufuneka bajonge i-capnographic waveform eqhubekayo kunye nomoya wokungenisa umoya ukuqinisekisa nokubeka esweni ukubekwa kwe-endotracheal tube ebaleni, kwisithuthi sokuthutha, xa befika esibhedlele, nasemva kokudluliselwa kwesigulana ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye ukufuduka kwe-tube engabonakaliyo. Umoya osebenzayo ngesixhobo somoya esingaphezulu kwe-supraglottic kufuneka ubangele i-capnograph waveform ngexesha le-CPR nasemva kwe-ROSC (S733).
Ukubeka iliso kwi-EtCO2 vs SpO2Ukubeka iliso
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-pulse oximetry (SpO₂),I-EtCO2Ukubeka iliso kunika iingenelo ezicacileyo ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba i-EtCO₂ inika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokuphefumla kwe-alveolar, iphendula ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho kwimeko yokuphefumla. Kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla, amanqanaba e-EtCO₂ ayatshintsha phantse ngoko nangoko, ngelixa ukuhla kwe-SpO₂ kunokuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwe-EtCO2 kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babone ukonakala kokuphefumla kwangethuba, okubonelela ngexesha elibalulekileyo lokungenelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukugcwala kwe-oxygen kuyeke.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-EtCO2
Ukubeka iliso kwi-EtCO2 kubonelela ngovavanyo lwangempela lokutshintshiselana kwegesi yokuphefumla kunye nokungenisa umoya kwi-alveolar. Amanqanaba e-EtCO2 asabela ngokukhawuleza kwiingxaki zokuphefumla kwaye awachaphazeleki kakhulu yioksijini eyongezelelweyo. Njengendlela yokubeka iliso engangenisi gazi, i-EtCO2 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi.
Ukubeka iliso kwi-Pulse Oximetry
Ukubeka esweni i-pulse oximetry (SpO₂)isebenzisa inzwa yeminwe engangenisi gazi ukulinganisa amanqanaba okugcwala kweoksijini egazini, nto leyo evumela ukuba kufunyanwe i-hypoxemia ngempumelelo. Le ndlela ilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ifanelekile ekujongeni rhoqo izigulane ezingaguli kakhulu ecaleni kwebhedi.
| Isicelo seKliniki | I-SpO₂ | I-EtCO2 | |
| Isixhobo sokungenisa umoya soomatshini | Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu ye-endotracheal entanyeni | Icotha | Ngokukhawuleza |
| Ukufakwa kwe-bronchial kwityhubhu ye-endotracheal | Icotha | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| Ukuvaleka kokuphefumla okanye uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo | Icotha | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| Ukungena komoya kancinci kancinci | x | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| Ukuphefumla ngamandla | x | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| Ukwehla kwezinga lokuhamba kweoksijini | Ngokukhawuleza | Icotha | |
| Umatshini wokubulala iintlungu | Ukudinwa/ukuphinda uphefumle ngesoda lime | Icotha | Ngokukhawuleza |
| Isigulana | Ioksijini ephefumlelweyo ephantsi | Ngokukhawuleza | Icotha |
| I-shunt yangaphakathi kwemiphunga | Ngokukhawuleza | Icotha | |
| Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi (pulmonary embolism) | x | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| I-hyperthermia eyingozi | Ngokukhawuleza | Ngokukhawuleza | |
| Ukubanjwa kwegazi | Ngokukhawuleza | Ngokukhawuleza |
Ungazikhetha njani izixhobo ze-CO₂ kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo?
INorth America ngoku ilawula imakethi, ibiza malunga ne-40% yengeniso yehlabathi, ngelixa ummandla we-Asia-Pacific kulindeleke ukuba ubhalise ukukhula okukhawulezayo, kunye ne-CAGR eqikelelweyo ye-8.3% ngexesha elifanayo.isixhobo sokujonga isigulaneabavelisi—abafanaIPhilips (Respironics), I-Medtronic (i-Oridion), UMasimokunye neMindray—baqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji ye-EtCO2 ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno eziguqukayo ze-anesthesia, unyango olungxamisekileyo, kunye nonyango olungxamisekileyo.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeklinikhi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi wabasebenzi bezonyango, iMedLinket igxile ekuphuhliseni nasekuveliseni izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezifana nemigca yokuvavanya, iiadaptha zomoya, kunye nemigibe yamanzi. Le nkampani izinikele ekuboneleleni ngezibonelelo zezempilo ngezisombululo ezinokuthenjwa zokujonga izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nezingaphandle, ezihambelana neempawu ezininzi eziphambili zokujonga izigulane, ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lwentsimi yokujonga ukuphefumla.
Izinzwa eziphambili ze-etco2kwayeiiadaptha zomoyazezona zinto zixhaphakileyo nezisetyenziswayo zokubeka esweni izinto ngokubanzi.
Ukujonga umlambo osecaleni,ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka, izinzwa ze-sidestream, kunyeimigibe yamanziUmgca wokuthatha iisampulu ze-CO2, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho zokuseta kunye nokugcinwa.
Uthotho lweMigibe Yamanzi | ||||||||||
Umenzi we-OEM kunye neeModeli | Umfanekiso oHlomelo | # ye-OEM | Ikhowudi ye-odolo | Iinkcazo | ||||||
| I-Mindray ehambelanayo (eTshayina) | ||||||||||
| Kwi-BeneView, iPM, iMEC, PM, iimonitha zochungechunge lwe-MEC-2000, uthotho lwe-PM-9000/7000/6000, i-BeneHeart defibrillator |  | 115-043022-00 (9200-10-10530) | I-RE-WT001A | Umgibe wamanzi owomileyo, i-Adult/Pediatirc yemodyuli ye-dual-slot, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
 | 115-043023-00 (9200-10-10574) | I-RE-WT001N | Umgibe wamanzi owomileyo, i-Neonatal module ye-dual-slot, 10pcs/ibhokisi | |||||||
| KwiBeneVision, iimonitha zeBeneView |  | 115-043024-00 (100-000080-00) | I-RE-WT002A | Umgibe wamanzi we-Dryline II, i-Adult/Pediatirc yemodyuli yeslot enye, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
 | 115-043025-00 (100-000081-00) | I-RE-WT002N | Umgibe wamanzi we-Dryline II, i-Neonatal module ye-single-slot, 10pcs/ibhokisi | |||||||
| I-GE ehambelanayo | ||||||||||
| Imodyuli ye-GE Solar Sidestream EtCO₂, GE MGA-1100 Mass Spectrometer GE Advantage System, EtCO₂ Iinkqubo zokuvavanya |  | 402668-008 | CA20-013 | Ukusetyenziswa kwesigulane esinye yi-0.8 micron Fitter, iLuer Lock eqhelekileyo, ii-20pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-GE Healthcare gventilator, imonitha, umatshini wokubulala iintlungu one-E-miniC gas module |  | 8002174 | CA20-053 | Umthamo wesikhongozeli sangaphakathi yi > 5.5mL, 25pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| I-Drager ehambelanayo | ||||||||||
| I-Drager ehambelanayo ye-Babytherm 8004/8010 Babylog VN500 ventilator |  | 6872130 | I-WL-01 | I-Waterlock esetyenziswa ngumntu omnye, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| IiPhilips ezihambelanayo | ||||||||||
| Imodyuli ehambelanayo:IPhilips – IntelliVue G5 |  | M1657B / 989803110871 | CA20-008 | I-Philips water trap, 15pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
| IiPhilips ezihambelanayo |  | CA20-009 | Irekhi yomgibe wamanzi wePhilips | |||||||
| Imodyuli ehambelanayo:UPhilips – IntelliVue G7ᵐ | | 989803191081 | I-WL-01 | I-Waterlock esetyenziswa ngumntu omnye, 10pcs/ibhokisi | ||||||
Umgca wokuthatha isampuli we-CO2 | ||||
Isinxibelelanisi sesigulana | Umfanekiso wesixhumi sesigulana | Ujongano lwesixhobo | Umfanekiso wesixhobo esibonakalayo | |
| Iplagi yeLuer |  | Iplagi yeLuer | | |
| Umgca wesampulu yohlobo lwe-T |  | Iplagi yePhilips (Respironics) |  | |
| Umgca wesampulu yohlobo lwe-L |  | Iplagi yeMedtronic (Oridion) |  | |
| Umgca wokuthatha isampuli empumlweni |  | Iplagi yeMasimo |  | |
| Umgca wokuthatha isampuli yempumlo/yomlomo |  | / |
| |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-03-2025
